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Bohemian wolf, evil or salvation? The view of key actors on the return of the wolf to Šumava
Baborová, Hana ; Rynda, Ivan (advisor) ; Novotná, Hedvika (referee)
Introduced diploma thesis deals with the research of the attitudes of individuals affected by the issue of wolfs returning to the National Park. Opinions were obtained through interviews and questionnaire survey. Results were also compared with previous research called Transboundary Socio-economic Monitoring Scheme in the and Bavarian Forest Mts. which also deals in part with the issue of the wolf. The work thus describes the development of public attitude over time. The aim of the work is to provide insight into local issues, describe the attitudes of individuals and define the factors that affect different views. The theoretical part describes the studied area and the beast, as well as its impact on the landscape, biodiversity and man. The practical part focuses on the specific attitudes of stakeholders, from which it derives hypotheses for the questionnaire survey. In conclusion I have evaluated the outlined goals of the work using combinations of qualitative and quantitative methods. Key words National park Gray wolf, return of the canine, view of acters, changes of perception
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Vocal accommodation in howling of grey wolf (Canis lupus)
Schindlerová, Loretta ; Schneiderová, Irena (advisor) ; Linhart, Pavel (referee)
Vocal accommodation is the adjustment made by interlocutors while communicating, such as the adjustment of vocal pitch (i.e. the fundamental frequency) to match that of the other speaker. This behaviour can strengthen social bonds and has been predominantly studied in humans but recently also in the field of animal communication. Wolves are highly social animals and their howls - solos, duets, and choruses - are rich in information, yet vocal accommodation has not been studied in this species. Using a number of approaches, we explore whether grey wolves (Canis lupus) vocally accommodate to other wolves in duet howls by altering their howl contours to either converge to or diverge from another wolf's howl. To this aim we assessed the differences in the variables of the fundamental frequency and the contour of fundamental frequency using linear mixed models, Euclidean distance and dynamic time warping as metrics. Of the multiple analyses that we performed, one analysis identified significant differences between solo and duet howls, while another analysis indicated that duet howls within dyads were more similar than duet howls from different dyads. Our results point to the need for further exploration of the sources of variability and the role of context in order to confirm the existence of vocal...
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Phylogeography and adaptive evolution of the grey wolf
Veselovská, Lenka ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Fornůsková, Alena (referee)
Grey wolf is a highly mobile top predator, a keystone and umbrella species within ecosystems throughout the Holarctic area. The occurrence of wolves' populations is influenced by glacial history, environmental conditions and human activity. Nowadays, wolves are returning to a man-altered country where they were exterminated, and they are adapting to human dominated landscape. People have largely contributed to its extinction in many areas around the world, resulting in a decline in genetic diversity. Due to different demographic and environmental conditions, many different lineages have evolved, which can be distinguished based on morphological and genetic analyses. Climatic factors can result in the formation of ecotypes, which become heritable and genetically distinguishable. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of the phylogeography and adaptive evolution of the grey wolf in the context of genetic, geographical and morphological combination data. Keywords: grey wolf, Canis lupus, phylogeography, ecotypes, adaptive evolution
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Assessment of breeding conditions in the Šumava National Park visitor centers
POPELÁKOVÁ, Zuzana
When evaluating breeding is necessary to comply with several conditions, as physical and mental state of the animal, age and health of the individual, equipment excursions and aviary, providing suitable climatic conditions in breeding lodging, feeding, power and quality. Welfare or well-being of animals is currently one of most discussed topic. Welfare conditions are determined by the ,,rule of the five freedoms'' according to Webster (1999), it is adherence is still not the rule. For these reasons, this bachelor thesis deals with the conditions of breeding and welfare of animals in visitor centers in Borová Lada, Srní and Kvilda. The aim was to evaluate and subsequently develop graphic designs and visualization of aviaries and excursions to meet the welfare requirements. After an overall evaluation of the information and materials obtained, the Srni visitor center is the only one to be completely satisfactory in terms of welfare.
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Evolutionary apects of dog domestication and hybridization with wolf
Ptáčníková, Aneta ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Černá Bolfíková, Barbora (referee)
The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is one of the most widespread domestic animal species over the world. A lot of scientific studies are focused on explaining the process of dog domestication. However, the results of these studies vary in most cases. The conclusion about the origin of dogs is complicated due to hybridization with their ancestor, the gray wolf (Canis lupus), in ancient times and also because of some archaeological discoveries, which are difficult to identify. The origin of various adaptations during domestication process allows dogs to live alongside humans. These adaptations are related to behavior and food digestion process. Hybridization between dogs and wolves in nature is a current issue. It could threaten the genetic integrity of expanding the European wolf population.
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Population genetics of Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) in Eurasia
Báčová, Alžběta ; Černá Bolfíková, Barbora (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
The grey wolf (Canis lupus) is the largest canine carnivore living on northern
hemisphere of the Earth. Excessive persecution of Canis lupus at the turn of 19th and
20th century has caused nearly extermination of this animal species in the most parts
of its natural habitat. Natural habitat got rapidly smaller at that time. At the end of 20th
century number of individuals of Canis lupus has increased and the grey wolf has
started to return to its natural habitat due to better legal protection. Its natural habitat
is very fragmented especially in Western Europe. The origin of founders of wolf
populations is estimated and the tracks of migrating individuals are followed, by
monitoring the gene flow. In last fifteen years the grey wolf has started to return back
to Czech countryside. Usage of microsatellites proved its presence in Beskyd
Mountains, Czech and Slovakia republic. Comparing DNA samples of Canis lupus with
those of Carpathian wolves showed the same origin of both groups within Europe.
Detailed research points to deeper structure even within subpopulation.
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Ekologie rysa ostrovida (Lynx lynx) a vlka obecného (Canis lupus) v oblasti Západních Karpat a jejich význam v lesním ekosystému
Kutal, Miroslav
The abundance and population density of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) were studied during two winters 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 in the in Beskydy and Kysuce protected landscape areas in the West Carpathians in the Czech-Slovak borderline. A combination of camera trapping, photographic capture-mark-recapture (CMR) and simultaneously conducted snow tracking revealed 11 independent lynx in both seasons in the total area of 1500 km2 and overall population density of 0.7 lynx/100 km2. High population turnover of 54.5% was documented between the two winters, indicating a strong anthropogenic pressure at the edge of the West Carpathian population. The main prey of Eurasian lynx in winter was a roe deer (81%) and red deer (16%). The occurrence of wolves (Canis lupus) was considered to be sporadic and probably limited to only a few individuals. The nearest reproductive packs were documented at a distance of 10--50 km from the Czech border in the Slovak Carpathians.
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Evaluation of breeding of wolf (Canis lupus) in the C. R.
PRŮŠOVÁ, Zdenka
The aim of my study was to evaluate breeding of grey wolves (Canis lupus) in human care in the Czech Republic based on the data from the Union of Czech and Slovak Zoos (UCSZOO) Yearbooks and the data from individual zoos. After processing the data from the yearbooks since 1973 till 2012, I visited zoos´ and evaluated e. g. size of wolf-run, diet composition, chance to create a pack. The following subspecies C. l. lupus, C. l. pambasileus, C. l. occidentalis, C. l. arctos, C. l. signatus and individuals without determining the subspecies have (or were) bred in the Czech Republic. The first wolf reared in captivity in the Czech Republic was female of C. l. lupus (named Lota) in the Prague Zoo alredy in 1931. Nowadays nine zoos in the Czech Republic (two of them are not members of the UCSZOO) and three Slovak zoos (all members of the UCSZOO) breed wolves in captivity. Number of grey wolves that are bred in captivity is still growing. There were 102 grey wolves (87 within UCSZOO, 7 out of UCSZOO and 8 in private breedings) bred at the beginning of 2013. Number of grey wolves bred in evaluated zoos represented 12% and 7% of wolves bred in human care in Europa and in the world, respectively. Most of the individuals (48) were kept in the Olomouc Zoo. This zoo is simultaneously the only one which bred three subspecies of grey wolf. The most common subspecies of grey wolf kept in captivity is C. l. arctos, in the Czech Republic. Only the Olomouc Zoo and the Brno Zoo have bred this species in the Czech and Slovak Republic since 2006. There were recorded 93 grey wolves born in the UCSZOO member zoos with 74 % rearing success during the entire evaluated period (1984 2012).
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Výzkum ekologie a rozšíření‚ návrh managementu populací a záchranných programů zvláště chráněných druhů živočichů: Program péče pro velké šelmy: rysa ostrovida (Lynx lynx), medvěda hnědého (Ursus arctos) a vlka obecného (Canis lupus) v České republice
Hnutí DUHA, Brno ; Správa CHKO Beskydy, Rožnov pod Radhoštěm ; Správa NP Šumava, Kašperské Hory ; Ústav biologie obratlovců AV ČR, Brno ; Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Praha ; Marhoul, Pavel ; Nová, Petra ; Volf, Ondřej ; Kotecký, Vojtěch ; Bláha, Jaromír ; Bartošová, Dana ; Bufka, Luděk ; Koubek, Petr ; Červený, Jaroslav
Rys, medvěd a vlk patří k původním druhům naší savčí fauny a v historických dobách se vyskytovali na území celé ČR. Všechny tři druhy velkých šelem mohou způsobovat škody na hospodářském zvířectvu a na zvěři, čímž se dostávají do konfliktu s hospodářskými zájmy člověka. Tento problém částečně řeší od roku 2000 zákon č. 115/2000 Sb, o náhradách škod způsobených vybranými zvláště chráněnými živočichy, není to však řešení dostatečné. Negativní postoj veřejnosti k velkým šelmám a s tím související vysoká míra ilegálního lovu jsou i nadále hlavními příčinami ohrožení existence těchto druhů na našem území. Stěžejním opatřením navrženého programu péče pro velké šelmy v ČR je proto rozsáhlá výchovná a osvětová kampaň, která by měla probíhat současně na třech rozdílných úrovních a jejímž cílem je právě změna veřejného mínění a snížení tlaku ilegálního lovu. Související opatření by měla řešit zefektivnění systému řešení škod způsobených velkými šelmami, zlepšení spolupráce ochrany přírody s Policií ČR při řešení případů ilegálního lovu a rozvoj přeshraniční spolupráce na monitoringu a ochraně velkých šelem se sousedními státy. Nezbytnou součástí programu je rovněž pravidelný monitoring stavu populací a výzkum některých aspektů jejich biologie a role v ekosystému. Program je navrhován na období deseti let.
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Metodika k monitoringu velkých šelem
Hnutí DUHA, Olomouc ; Kutal, Miroslav
Byla vytvořena Metodika monitoringu založená na validaci dat podle zkušeností obdobného projektu SCALP probíhající v Alpských zemích a s přihlédnutím k lokálním specifikům ČR . Metodika byla konzultována s AOPK ČR a stane se součástí monitoringu druhů Canis lupus, Lynx lynx a Ursus arctos dle Směrnice o stanovištích 92/43/ECC. Dle vytvořené metodiky bylo validováno 86 záznamů o druhu Canis lupus, 184 záznamů o druhu Lynx lynx a 26 záznamů druhu Ursus arctos v CHKO Beskydy.
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